A LOPA analysis is required only when the residual frequency of a major accident scenario remains too high after all independent protection layers are considered. This article explains how HAZOP identifies the hazardous scenarios, how LOPA quantifies the risk gap, and when a SIL-rated safety function becomes necessary—illustrated through two practical process examples.
Cryogenic VOC abatement systems are highly effective but face operational limits when CO₂ or water freezes at low temperatures. This article explores how molecular sieves complement cryogenic units by removing critical impurities and ensuring safer, cleaner, and more efficient gas purification across complex industrial vent streams.
Even a small internal leakage through a control valve can change process behavior and compromise safety.
This article explains why control valves do not provide tight isolation, how their position in the line affects pressure and flow, and why leakage scenarios must be included in HAZOP analysis.
Vacuum conditions in storage tanks can lead to severe structural failures if not properly considered during design and operation. This article explains the main risks of vacuum in tanks, common collapse scenarios, and engineering solutions to prevent them.
Vent header design is critical for safe reactor operation. This article explains why top tie-ins are preferred over bottom tie-ins, how to prevent condensate backflow, and which best practices ensure reliable vent systems connected to a catch tank.
A practical comparison between What-If Analysis and HAZOP for process safety studies, with real examples from chemical plants. Learn when to apply each method, their similarities, and how to avoid missing critical hazards.
A practical comparison between What-If Analysis and HAZOP for process safety studies, with real examples from chemical plants. Learn when to apply each method, their similarities, and how to avoid missing critical hazards.
Even water can lead to failure. This HAZOP example shows how overlooked piping material compatibility can cause loss of containment and safety risks.
When a rupture disc activates, it represents a process deviation that must be recorded within the Safety Management System. Depending on the outcome, it may be classified as a near miss, a contained release, or an incident requiring further investigation.
Discover how the safety management system pillars are applied in practice during a real HazOp and MoC project in a chemical plant.